惯性导航设备升沉数据测试系统研究

研制了一套基于STM32单片机与单轴摇摆台的测试系统,利用固定圆心、固定半径条件下的圆内三角形关系,通过拉线传感器采集单轴摇摆台复合运动中的升沉数据;同时,对惯性导航设备输出的升沉数据进行采集与处理。对测试系统输出的升沉数据进行了验证,实验结果表明:该测试系统的测试数据准确合理,可实现对惯性导航设备升沉参数的动态测试,弥补了现有同类测试系统的结构复杂、量程小等不足。     

微裂隙中水泥浆液渗滤效应的可视化试验研究

在微裂隙岩体注浆过程中,水泥浆液的渗滤效应对注浆效果的影响显著。自主研制了一套微裂隙注浆可视化试验系统,该系统由注浆系统、微裂隙模型以及监测系统3个部分组成,监测系统又分为显微监测系统和压力流量监测系统。当水泥浆液进入微裂隙模型后,利用显微监测系统对裂隙入口处的渗滤效应进行实时观测。利用压力流量监测系统对注浆试验过程中的注浆压力以及累计流量进行自动记录。运用自主设计的微裂隙注浆可视化试验系统,对微裂隙中的水泥浆液渗滤过程进行试验研究。采用3种水泥浆材(超细水泥Ⅰ、超细水泥Ⅱ和普通水泥),研究在注浆压力2.0 MPa、水灰比1.0的条件下,不同水泥颗粒粒径大小在不同裂隙开度下的浆液渗滤效应。通过试验发现,当裂隙开度较小时,在裂隙入口处形成了完整的半圆拱形滤饼;随着裂隙开度的增加,在裂隙入口处形成断续分布状滤饼;当裂隙开度增加到无渗滤发生时,裂隙入口处仅残留少量水泥颗粒附着物。通过试验获得了3种水泥的最小可注入裂隙开度大小b min和最小无渗滤裂隙开度大小b crit:超细水泥Ⅰ的b min和b crit分别为80和280μm;超细水泥Ⅱ的b min和b crit分别为100和300μm;普通水泥的b min和b crit分别为140和310μm。研究结果发现水泥粒径的减小对最小可注入裂隙开度大小的影响较大,但对最小无渗滤裂隙开度大小的影响较小。结合渗滤趋势k值,发现随着水泥粒径的减小,相应的k min和k crit值会随之增加,水泥浆液更容易在裂隙入口处发生渗滤,这是因为超细水泥比表面积更大,水泥颗粒间易发生团聚。     

超生雾化降尘研究及应用

为解决某矿破碎筛分车间粉尘污染问题，采用喷嘴雾化理论设计喷嘴雾化降尘实验，并根据实验结果在该矿破碎筛分车间应用了超声雾化降尘技术。实验及应用结果表明：超声雾化发生器的液体雾化装置，气体辅助雾化装置和雾束形成器的几何结构影响喷雾的雾化参数与流量特性，液体雾化器与气体辅助雾化装置影响液体初次破碎与雾化，雾束形成器影响雾滴的二次破碎与约束液束形态；超声雾化发生器的气液比与气液压力比存在幂函数关系，幂指数为-1.09；雾滴粒径越小，雾滴的降尘效率越高，当雾滴D50为23 μm时，雾滴的降尘效率在94%以上；在破碎筛分车间振动筛给料皮带和筛上皮带受料点布置超声雾化发生器，超声雾化发生器开启后，车间内粉尘浓度降低至586～10.54 mg/m3，降尘效率在71.38%以上。     

Hydrodistillation condition adjustment for different material particle sizes: a method to increase batch‐to‐batch quality consistency

Varying material particle sizes represent a common contributing factor to the batch‐to‐batch variation of extraction yields. To increase the batch‐to‐batch quality consistency of extracts, a method was proposed to adjust the extraction conditions for different material particle sizes, taking the hydrodistillation extraction process of Radix Curcumae and Fructus Gardeniae as a case study. Statistical models were built for five sesquiterpenes including curcumenone, curcumenol, curdione, curzerenone and furanodienone, to quantitatively describe the effects of particle size and process parameters on their extraction yields. An increase in sodium chloride concentration remarkably increased the yields of curcumenone and curcumenol, and a larger solvent‐to‐solid ratio increased the yields of five sesquiterpenes. Under the adjusted process parameters for two different particle sizes, the yield for each compound was controlled to fall in the 90–110% target range. The proposed method can be applied to various extraction processes of foods and herbal medicines.     

Computational Investigation of Effects of Grain Size on Ballistic Performance of Copper

Numerical simulations were conducted to compare ballistic performance and penetration mechanism of copper (Cu) with four representative grain sizes. Ballistic limit velocities for coarse-grained (CG) copper (grain size ≈ 90 µm), regular copper (grain size ≈ 30 µm), fine-grained (FG) copper (grain size ≈ 890 nm), and ultrafine-grained (UG) copper (grain size ≈ 200 nm) were determined for the first time through the simulations. It was found that the copper with reduced grain size would offer higher strength and better ductility, and therefore renders improved ballistic performance than the CG and regular copper. High speed impact and penetration behavior of the FG and UG copper was also compared with the CG coppers strengthened by nanotwinned (NT) regions. The comparison results showed the impact and penetration resistance of UG copper is comparable to the CG copper strengthened by NT regions with the minimum twin spacing. Therefore, besides the NT-strengthened copper, the single phase copper with nanoscale grain size could also be a strong candidate material for better ballistic protection. A computational modeling and simulation framework was proposed for this study, in which Johnson–Cook (JC) constitutive model is used to predict the plastic deformation of Cu; the JC damage model is to capture the penetration and fragmentation behavior of Cu; Bao–Wierzbicki (B-W) failure criterion defines the material's failure mechanisms; and temperature increase during this adiabatic penetration process is given by the Taylor–Quinney method.     

EMA-PRBDS: efficient multi-attribute packet rank based data scheduling in wireless sensor networks for real-time monitoring systems

ABSTRACT

In recent years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widely placed in real-time monitoring systems like environmental, structural, patient monitoring, etc. The major criterion for WSN includes energy efficiency and network lifetime. Scheduling is used as a large number of data packets focus on the same queue at the same time. Only limited data scheduling schemes have been implemented in WSN to enhance the performance. The existing First Come First Serve (FCFS) and Dynamic Multilevel Priority (DMP) have some technical challenges like delay, packet drop and high energy consumption due to starvation and deadlock. In this paper, we proposed a new algorithm to optimise and rank the incoming data packets based on multi-attributes decision-making methodology named as Packet Rank Based Data Scheduling (PRBDS), the algorithm selects packet priority, deadline, and size as the metrics to rank the incoming data packets. A simulation result shows when compared with existing scheduling, PRBDS not only provides less energy consumption, also significantly reduces the packet drop and increases the lifetime. Thus, the proposed algorithm is most suitable for real-time monitoring system since it combines data ranking method with scheduling algorithm to create accurate and reliable results to evaluate the incoming data packets.     

浮选机孔径大小对煤泥浮选试验的影响

为了探究浮选机孔径大小对煤泥浮选试验的影响,通过煤泥颗粒与气泡的碰撞概率及粘附作用,适当调节叶轮转速,求得不同条件下精煤产率、精煤灰分、尾煤灰分以及可燃体回收率等值,验证浮选机孔径变化的影响效应。结果表明,增大浮选机进气管孔径,矿浆内大直径的气泡较多,与粗煤泥的携载作用增大,与细粒煤泥碰撞概率降低,部分矿粒无法粘附;减小浮选机进气管的孔径,其作用与上述情况恰好相反。两种条件下选取适当且相同的叶轮转速,试验后可以看出,气泡孔径的大小对粗细煤泥作用影响不同,但究其综合因素较复杂,增加或减小气泡尺寸对试验结果无较大影响。     

中美典型高压页岩气藏钻井提速技术对比与启示

美国Haynesville高压页岩气气藏与中国长宁—威远国家级页岩气示范区下志留统龙马溪组高压页岩气藏的地质、钻井条件最为类似,前者的钻井提速技术思路对于我国页岩气快速钻井也具有重要的参考借鉴意义。为了实现我国页岩气藏的钻井提速,通过对比中国和美国典型高压页岩气藏钻井提速技术,分析探讨了上述两个气藏在钻井提速技术方面的异同点。研究结果表明:①目前美国Haynesville等页岩气藏已将水平段井眼尺寸从215.9 mm缩小到171.5 mm或161.1 mm,单井钻井投资降低超过25%,节能减排优势明显;②美国同行采用的"高效钻头+配套井下提速工具+钻井参数优化软件/装备"的硬研磨性难钻地层系统化钻井提速技术,值得国内重视、借鉴、攻关、应用;③"控压钻井+降密度"钻井技术能够在高压页岩层段钻井提速中起到至关重要的提速应用效果。结论认为,应积极在国内国家级页岩气示范区开展缩小井身结构尺寸及其相关的钻井配套装备、工具、软件的应用探索试验;在目的层段值得持续探索、优化、应用控压钻井技术。     

Loss cost reduction and power quality improvement with applying robust optimization algorithm for optimum energy storage system placement and capacitor bank allocation

Power losses cause the underutilization of distributed generation (DG) units in addition to the cost increasing in microgrid. Minimizing these losses has been focused in many papers. Using energy storage system (ESS) is a crucial solution for loss reduction. ESS can balance the power exchange in on-peak times where its location and size optimization can improve the microgrid efficiency and reduce the loss cost significantly. Moreover, to ensure the power quality by improving the voltage profile, capacitor bank can be installed optimally on some buses. Optimization of size and location of the capacitor bank can enhance the reactive power that is leading to power loss reduction. In other words, the capacitor bank is applied to compensate the total reactive power and consequently, the current is reduced that results in power loss reduction. In this article, the problem is defined as the optimum location and size of ESS and capacitor bank in the microgrid. Due to the complexity of the problem in many options for selecting the buses to implement these elements (ESS and capacitor bank), robust approach using the particle swarm optimization algorithm and general algebraic modeling system are applied for optimization process. In addition, the uncertainty of renewable DGs such as photovoltaic and wind turbine is modeled by probability density functions and Monte-Carlo is used for selecting more probable cases in optimization processes. The results show the loss cost reduction and improvement in voltage and power profile with less fluctuations and more stability.     

The impact of heat-treatment protocol on the grain size and ionic conductivity of NASICON glass-ceramics

Na₂AlTi(PO₄)₃ (NATP) and Na_1.8Al_0.8Ge_1.2(PO₄)₃ (NAGP) NASICON (Na-Superionic Conductor) glass-ceramics are obtained by applying different single (SHT) and double (DHT) heat treatments on the respective precursor glass to evaluate its effect on the microstructure and in turn, on the total ionic conductivity. The grain and grain boundary contributions are also analyzed in the NATP composition. SHT with longer crystallization times favors the development of well-defined grains in both compositions and also promotes the grain growth in NAGP samples. This behavior causes a decrease in the activation energy of the grain boundary, which enhances the total ionic conductivity. Regarding DHT samples, microstructure with larger grains and higher ionic conductivity were obtained with shorter nucleation times for NATP and NAGP compositions. Finally, the microstructural variation generated by the different thermal treatments causes the total conductivity to increase up to two times.